The Salem Witch Trials - 2062 Words

Human beings always have been curious creatures. We are a species that is always searching for answers to unexplainable events. Take aliens for example. To us, aliens may or may not exist (depending on your individual belief of course). Yet we still take such an interest in them that we continuously search for answers and proof of alien. Now that we have modern day technology, we can attain â€Å"proof† of alien life-form somewhere deep in outer space. But given the date 1692 in New England, if we were to even come in contact with aliens it would have been considered some supernatural phenomena, and even cause quite a bit of hysteria. That is what happened to the puritans in Salem village during the Salem Witch Trials, in Massachusetts, in the year 1962. The puritans of Salem village were extremely paranoid, and they believed that if something can’t be explained then it had the devils influence. So when a group of Salem girls spoke up about the devil and witches, the vi llagers of Salem went into a panicked frenzy. Truth of the matter is that there were no witches in Salem nor was the devil at war against Salem; the Salem Witch Trials were only a result of endless lies, conspiracies, and side effects of an illness. Puritans first arrived in the new world in order to escape religious persecution from the king in England . The puritans that established Massachusetts were a group of business men who wanted to gain the right to govern themselves . The puritan belief in New EnglandShow MoreRelatedSalem Witch Trials And The Witch Trial1494 Words   |  6 PagesFirst of all, I wanted to talk about what Salem Witch Trial is and who are the persons involve in this event. Salem Witch Trials, according to Encyclopedia Britannica is â€Å"A series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted â€Å"witches† to be hanged and many other many suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.† There are many p eople involve in Salem Witch Trials and I’ll be going to describe their role in this event, followed by the different case studiesRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And The Witch Trial Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesaccused of witchcraft in Salem Village, Massachusetts, many more died in jail, and around 200 people total were accused of witchcraft during the Salem Witch Trials. Records from the event indicate that the Salem Witch Trials started when a group of young girls began acting strange, claiming they had been possessed by the Devil and bewitched by local villagers. The Salem Witch Trials is a much debated event; historians argue over the motivation and causes behind the trials and executions, not overRead MoreThe Trial Of The Salem Witch Trials905 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction In January 1692, when a group of juvenile girls began to display bizarre behavior, the tight-knit Puritan community of Salem, Massachusetts couldn’t explain the unusual afflictions and came to a conclusion. Witches had invaded Salem. This was the beginning of a period of mass hysteria known as The Salem Witch Trials. Hundreds of people were falsely accused of witchcraft and many paid the ultimate price of death. Nineteen people were hung, one was pressed to death, and as many asRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials691 Words   |  3 Pageswere the Salem Witch Trials? The Trials happened in 1692 in Puritan Massachusetts, in a town called Salem. Nineteen men and women were hanged on grounds of practicing dark magic and making a pact with Satan (in other words, for being witches). Hundreds of people were imprisoned; several died there. Additionally, one man (of over seventy years!) was crushed to death with heavy stones and the lives of many were irrevocably changed. (Salem Witch Museum) IQ #2- How and why did the Salem WitchRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a prime part of American history during the early 17th century. During this time, religion was the prime focus and way of life within colonies. This was especially true for the Puritan way of life. Puritans first came to America in hopes of practicing Christianity their own way, to the purest form. The Puritans were fundamentalists who believed every word transcribed in the Bible by God was to be followed exactly for what it was. The idea of the devil controlling a womanRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1866 Words   |  8 Pagessurrounding the cause of the Salem Witch Trials 1692 makes the topic captivating as many historian perspectives offer explanations for the causation of the trials, yet the personal context of each historian has determined its historic reliability. This questions the level of objectivity each historian has in their responses to the Trials. The aims and purposes of a historian, as well as their differing methodologies may alter the approach the have towards the investigation of the Trials. Many interpretationsRead MoreThe Trials Of Salem Witch Trials Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe notorious witch trials in Salem began in Spring of 1692. This started after a young group of girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, professed they were possessed by the devil. These young girls even went as far as accusing some local women of practicing witchcraft. As a frenzy spreaded throughout colonial Massachusetts, a specific court was summoned to hear cases. Bridget Bishop was the first convicted witch and she was hung in that June following her trial. Eighteen other people followed BishopRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1635 Words   |  7 Pagesovercome was the Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch Trials occurred in 1692 and 1693 in colonial Massachusetts. â€Å"More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft – the Devil’s magic – and 20 were executed† as detailed by Jess Blumberg on the web article A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials (Blumberg 2007). The trials had a major impact on the American society and the effects could be seen in colonial America as well as today. Why did the injustice of the Salam Witch Trials occur and whyRead MoreThe Trials Of Salem Witch Trials1069 Words   |  5 PagesEven though the Salem witch trials were made to seem formal, they were actually subjective and not based on fact. Since there were multiple people being accused of witchcraft, the trials were short and quick to sentence. The witch trials lasted less than a year. The first arrests were made on March 1, 1692, and the final hanging day was September 22, 1692. The Court of Oyer and Terminer was dissolved in October of 1692. The Salem Witch Trials occurred in the spring of 1692, when a groupRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And Trials1320 Words   |  6 PagesSalem Witch Trials was a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in the Salem Village of the 17th century New England. The trials caused executions of many people but mostly women. Salem Witch Trials exposed the different roles men and women were supposed to play during the seventeenth century. Women were supposed to take on â€Å"wifely duties† such as, be mothers and housewives. Women were thought to follow the men. The trials also revealed that there were strict religious

Myths are Legendary or Traditional Stories Usually with a...

Myths are traditional or legendary stories, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation. The stories of Daniel Boone and the Epic of Gilgamesh are both myths, but a major difference they have is that Daniel Boone is a true and real life story, while Gilgamesh uses historical details to create the story, but it is fictional. Based off of ancient documents, we know that Gilgamesh was the king of Uruk in Mesopotamia. Boone on the other hand, was closer to our actual time period .Daniel Boone played a significant role in the exploration and settlement of Kentucky and the U.S. western frontier. On Boone’s voyage of colonization it took Boone and his companions several years of horrible and deceitful, on both sides, encounters. Unlike Daniel Boone, Gilgamesh’s conquest of Humbaba, the king of cedar forest, in a single journey. Both Daniel and Gilgamesh did things that not only stirred emotions in their citizens (Gilgamesh and Uruk, Daniel and the American settlers), but also inspired the people. Boone has similarities to Gilgamesh, but Odysseus is far more different for the story of Daniel Boone. Homer, the author of Odysseus, took several aspects of Greek heroes and human personalities to create Odysseus. He gives Odysseus particular characteristics, like a scar, to characteristics we associate with individuals, like laughing and crying. Homer does to make it seem like Odysseus is a real person, but is aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Myth and Magic: Realism in One Hundred Years of Solitude1351 Words   |  6 Pagesgrandmothers unique way of telling stories. No matter how fantastic or improbable her statements, she always delivered them as if they were the irrefutable truth† (Wikipedia, 2011). Experiences are particular instances of one personally encountering or undergoing something and in these moments of time life changes for the best or the worst and memories are formed. These recollections such as riding your first bicycle, going to the seventh grade or even listening to the many stories your grandmother use toRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Odyssey1765 Words   |  8 Pagescultures of Ancient Mesopotamia and Greece, one can tell that the idolization of the â€Å"ideal hero† and their culture orientated traits played an integral role in the structure of each civilization. A civilization can be described as an organizing principle that implies common institution, social structures and values that can extend over space and time (lecture). The said cultures above both contain stories that have transcended centuries, giving people a special insight into these ancient civilizationsRead MoreWizard of Oz as a Fairytale Essay4056 Words   |  17 Pagesemployed. Even in some English translations of European works the more semantically accurate Russian or German terms (volshebnye skazka and [zauber]Marchen) are used. Often authorities expound at length upon is the difference between myth and folktale and then folktale and fairytale. Space will not allow us to open that can of worms her. For our purposes I shall use a system Jack Zipes adopts and assume the magical folktale[1] is the oral version and the fairytale the literaryRead MoreColombian Folklore5889 Words   |  24 Pagescharacters. Colombian  folklore  are beliefs, customs and  cultural traditions  in  Colombia. Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  Cultural influences * 2  Relevancy * 3  Legendary creatures * 4  References | ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Cultural influences Colombia  has many traditional  folk tales  and stories about  legendary creatures  which are transmitted orally and kept for next  generations  to come. Some of them are common with other  Latin American  countries. The Colombian folkloreRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 PagesOld English poetry is divided into two types: the Heroic, the sources of which are pre-Christian Germanic myth, history and custom; and the Christian. Heroic, or Epic Poetry belongs to one of these two types and refers to long narrative poems celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, in a grand, ceremonious style. In its strict use by literary critics, the terms Heroic Poetry or Epic are applied to a work that meets the following criteria: such a poem must be related in anRead MoreHow Venture Capital Works : Invention And Innovation Drive The U.s. Economy Essay2076 Words   |  9 Pagespress is filled with against-all-odds success stories of Silicon V alley entrepreneurs. In these sagas, the entrepreneur is the modern-day cowboy, roaming new industrial frontiers much the same way that earlier Americans explored the West. At his side stands the venture capitalist, a trail-wise sidekick ready to help the hero through all the tight spots—in exchange, of course, for a piece of the action. As with most myths, there’s some truth to this story. Arthur Rock, Tommy Davis, Tom Perkins, EugeneRead MoreTo What Extent Did the Book Hero with a Thousand Faces Influence the Sci-Fi Fantasy Film Genre, Specifically George Lucas’s Star Wars Trilogy?4143 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction A hero goes forth from his familiar life into a world of the supernatural; difficulties are encountered which the hero conquers; and he returns home to celebrate with his friends. You may think you know what sci-fi/fantasy movie I’m talking about. But what I was actually describing is the book Hero With a Thousand Faces by Joseph Campbell. Because when it comes down to it, almost all sci-fi and fantasy movies follow the same basic pattern, the â€Å"Monomyth† described in Campbell’s bookRead MoreGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 PagesBernard  Cox/Bridgeman  Art  Library,  London/New  York   Greek  Mythology,  set  of  diverse  traditional  tales  told  by  the  ancient  Greeks  about  the  exploits  of  gods   and  heroes  and  their  relations  with  ordinary  mortals.   The  ancient  Greeks  worshiped  many  gods  within  a  culture  that  tolerated  diversity.  Unlike  other  belief   systems,  Greek  culture  recognized  no  single  truth  or  code  and  produced  no  sacred,  written  text  like   the  Bible  or  the  Qur’an.  Stories  about  the  origins  and  actions  of  Greek  divinities  varied  widely,   dependingRead MoreCoyote in Native Mythology: Thomas Kings The One About Coyote Going West4576 Words   |  19 Pagesmost powerful of the servants of the Apportioner (Creator Spirit), and are revered in the first dance of the Green Corn Ceremony held each year, as they are believed to bring rains for a success ful corn crop. (wikipedia) Coyote going west in this story alludes to her creating people, putting her in an elevated place equivalent to a god. The Cherokee assign a femine personality to spiritual evil, and name her wi-na-go in their ancient language They believe that mosquitos were created when she wasRead MorePhillipine Literary Periods3839 Words   |  16 Pages DEFINITION OF LITERATURE The word literature is derived from the Latin term Litera which means letter. It has been defined by various writers. Because literature deals with ideas, thoughts and emotions of man, literature can be said to be the story of man. Man’s loves, griefs, thoughts, dreams, and aspirations coached in a beautiful language is Literature. In order to know the history of a nation’s spirit, one must read its literature. Brother Azurin defines Literature that it expresses the

A Risk Well Worth the Reward free essay sample

From a young age I’ve developed an ability to evaluate, analyze, and asses the factor of risk when making a decision. I picked this up from my father, who influenced me through his logically thorough nature. Any question along the lines of ‘hey dad, why don’t we do this?’ has always been answered with a voice of reason, a product of evaluating the probability and favorability of every different outcome. I’ve always admired this inherent quality about my father, and know that he would have never been a Chief Risk Officer unless he set an example worth paying attention to in this regard. I try to mimic my father’s method of ensuring that the right decision is made through weighing the risk versus the reward for all of my options, and last fall this proved to be worthwhile on the soccer field. Soccer has been my sport of choice for as long as I can remember. We will write a custom essay sample on A Risk Well Worth the Reward or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My love for the game had always been there, but it wasn’t until I was in sixth grade that I gained any real aspirations for my soccer career. I watched my older brother win Connecticut state championship with his Varsity team, and from the moment that I watched his team bask in the glory of a state title I knew that every season of youth soccer that I played would all be building up to the pinnacle of my days as a soccer player when I would play for that same team in high school. Hockey and Baseball always kept me from trying to become one of select few dedicated year round soccer players who played Varsity as an underclassmen. However, I knew that I was good enough to play Varsity for my final two years as an upperclassmen. I could feel the blood rushing to my face when I gaped in disbelief at the list that designated me to the JV group for the final two days of tryouts. Anger was my immediate reaction because I felt as if I had played very well at tryouts and I couldn’t help but feel that I had been overlooked. Devastated at the thought of not making the team as a junior, in my subconscious I hatched a plan to show up at the Varsity session the next morning ready to play and pretend as if I had gotten the times mixed up. Naturally I second guessed this unorthodox plan but reassured myself when I considered what I had to lose by at least trying compared to what I had to gain. Sure enough, my plan went smoothly and after tryouts had ended I had been assigned as a practice player with the Varsity team. Although I didn’t have a jersey and I wasn’t in the team picture, I already felt like the risk I took had payed off; the only thing I could do was give it 110% at practice and hope for the best. After an abundance of injuries had plagued our offense, I finally got my chance at striker in a critical late season game. Prior to taking the field, I took a moment to gather my thoughts and wrapped my mind around the fact that this was my chance to reap the benefits of my hard work. ‘You deserve this. Go out there and show everyone why you deserve to play on this team’ I told myself. Long story short, the part that I played in orchestrating the winning goal impressed my coaches to say the least, and quicker than I could blink I had earned the starting spot at striker for the playoffs. A few days later as our team lineup was being announced in front of by far the largest crowd I had ever played in front of, the announcer called out another kid’s name and the wrong number for me as I wasn’t even on the roster. Despite the nervous anticipation twisting in my stomach, I had to take a second to laugh and thanked myself for my perseverance at tryout s. The only reason I had been given this opportunity was because I refused to go unnoticed and decided to get myself noticed the only way I knew how. No, we didn’t win any championships last year, but regardless I’m sure that I’ll remember last season for a long time to come. The foresight that I had to evaluate the risk of perhaps getting yelled at by a coach for showing up at the wrong time versus the potential at stake has caused me to truly believe that a risk is only worth taking if the measure of risk is equal to or exceeded by the opportunity for which you’re taking the risk. My friends may have scoffed at me back then for trying so hard to get on the team, but in the end they were the ones watching me in the stands, and for that I am forever grateful that I took the risk that I did last fall.

Game Fundamentals Actions in Games †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Game Fundamentals for Actions in Games. Answer: Introduction: The concept of action in games refers to the various on-screen actions performed by the playable and non-playable characters inside a video game. The actions of the playable characters are controlled by the player using controller devices like keyboard or joystick whereas the actions of the unplayable characters are controlled by predefined programs (Arnab et al., 2015). The first action in games was simply one direction running movement whereas in the latest games, the characters are able to perform a wide variety of movements as well as move in all directions (360). History of the Concept Although the concept of video games was developed as early as in 1950s, the concept of action was developed much later when arcade games were flourishing in the gaming industry. The initial games where player actions were used were Super Mario, Donkey Kong, Dangerous Dave and others. However, in these games, the actions were very limited as the playable characters could only move in four directions forward, backward, up and down. In addition to the directional movement, the characters could not perform any other actions except shooting towards an enemy (Scharkow et al., 2015). However, with gradual development of the game, the actions were developed and currently in games, the characters can perform almost any action as a normal human will do provided these actions are programmed with the character. Terminology Related to the Concept Some common terminologies related to the concept are explained as follows. Gamer Control This is referred to the extent of control a gamer has over a playable character during a standard game play. Generally in todays games like Grand Theft Auto, Far Cry, Assassins Creed and other similar games, the player is able to control the movements and actions of the characters like running, jumping, crawling, shooting, fighting and others (Lameras et al., 2017). The control is established through the use of devices like keyboard and joystick. Motion Capture Although technology is extremely advanced, an AI does not have the power to recreate accurate movement of a character by itself. Hence, motion capture technology is used where motion mapping devices are fixed over a real person and the person is needed to perform various motions (Eichenbaum et al., 2015). The mapping devices capture these motions and apply the same on the graphically created character in the game. Example of this Concept in a Game For explaining this concept, the recent game of FIFA 18 has been used as an example. In this game, a player is required to control 11 football players on the pitch (one at a time) during a particular match. The footballers used are the graphical replicas of the real world football players. In order to increase the likeness and authenticity in the game, the developers EA Sports adopted the motion capture technology using which they capture the exact motions of the footballers and apply them on the in-game characters. As a result, while playing the game, the characters perform actions almost exactly like their real world counterparts. References Arnab, S., Lim, T., Carvalho, M.B., Bellotti, F., Freitas, S., Louchart, S., Suttie, N., Berta, R. and De Gloria, A., 2015. Mapping learning and game mechanics for serious games analysis. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(2), pp.391-411. Eichenbaum, A., Kattner, F., Bradford, D., Gentile, D.A. and Green, C.S., 2015. Role-playing and real-time strategy games associated with greater probability of Internet gaming disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(8), pp.480-485. Lameras, P., Arnab, S., Dunwell, I., Stewart, C., Clarke, S. and Petridis, P., 2017. Essential features of serious games design in higher education: Linking learning attributes to game mechanics. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(4), pp.972-994. Scharkow, M., Festl, R., Vogelgesang, J. and Quandt, T., 2015. Beyond the core-gamer: Genre preferences and gratifications in computer games. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, pp.293-298.

The Role of Cordelia in King Lear Essay Example

The Role of Cordelia in King Lear Paper Although Cordelia appears in Act I, Scene I and disappears until Act IV, she has an enormous impact on the play as a whole. It is generally acknowledged that the role played by Cordelia in King Lear is a symbolic one. She is a symbol of good amidst the evil characters within the play. Since the play is about values which have been corrupted and must be restored, it is not surprising that the figure who directs the action must be embodiment of those values which are in jeopardy – love, truth, pity, honour, courage and forgiveness. Cordelia’s reply does not initiate the tragedy; Lear’s misguided question does that. Her â€Å"nothing† sets her father’s tragic journey in motion. There is nothing wrong with her remarks. Cordelia is a catalyst and sparks action in the play. Her actions at the start of the play provide us with an explosive opening and create much suspense. Her behaviour prompts Lear’s stupidity and subsequent action. Her refusal to â€Å"heave her heart into her mouth† causes Lear to banish her and he ends up at the mercy of his two evil daughters. If Cordelia had not spoken as she did, Lear would never have embarked on his journey of rediscovery. Her scenes with Lear in Act IV provide much poignancy and show the reader how much Lear has changed. She acts as a perfect foil for her evil sisters, Goneril and Regan. Her reaction to them at the start of the play leaves the audience interested but suspicious. Her words â€Å"nothing, my lord† and Lear’s actions arising from them trigger the theme of â€Å"nothingness† in the play. She also brings the theme of â€Å"appearance versus reality† to the forefront. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Cordelia in King Lear specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Cordelia in King Lear specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Cordelia in King Lear specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She personifies true love in the play. Words can eloquently describe love but they do not express it. Only behaviour expresses it. She forgives her father and strives to look after him despite his betrayal of her. She honours her filial duty within the play. Both she and Edgar are needed in the play to represent good. If they were not present in the play the audience would have a very pessimistic view of the world. Even at the risk of losing Lear’s love and her inheritance, she refuses to indulge in the flattery that Lear demands. She is disgusted at her ercenary and calculating sisters, who deceive their father. She prefers to â€Å"love and be silent. † â€Å"Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave My heart into my mouth: I love your majesty According to my bond; now more now less. † Cordelia personifies integrity, honesty and love throughout the play. By her very nature she is unable to flatter or curry favour since dishonesty is not part of that nature. She represe nts the truth and it is against the backdrop of her loyalty and undying love for her father that we measure Lear’s arrogant behaviour. Cordelia’s disinheritance and banishment are frighteningly disproportionate to the â€Å"sin† she has committed in not flattering Lear. So too, is Kent’s treatment at his hands. This concept of disproportionate consequences for actions done, underlines how monstrous Lear’s arrogance is, as well as his petty tyranny and his lack of self-knowledge. However, the horrors Lear himself will have to suffer later in the play, as a result of his own folly, will also be out of all proportion to his initial blunder. Without Cordelia in the play, these actions would not have been sparked in Lear. The rivals for Cordelia’s hand are interestingly contrasted in Act I Scene I. Burgundy is mercenary, refusing Cordelia’s hand when she is offered â€Å"new-adopted to our hate† and without a dowry. France on the other hand is a sensitive, courteous prince who sees her now â€Å"most rich, being poor. † He ignores Lear’s spiteful advice â€Å"to advert your liking a worthier way. † France takes her as his queen. He admires her personal qualities and it is for those that he wants to marry her. Cordelia’s role in the play here is to highlight how shallow Burgundy is and how he only wanted her for her land and status. She represents goodness, love and bravery in this scene. When she is unjustly treated by her father, Cordelia does not hurt or condemn either Lear or her sisters but gently forgives her father. â€Å"The jewels of our father, with wash’d eyes Cordelia leaves you: I know you what you are. Use well our father. † She also represents forgiveness in the play. In Act IV, celestial language is used to capture the lyrical and spiritual nature of her forgiveness. There she shook The Holy water from her heavenly eyes † Absolute love includes absolute forgiveness. When she says she â€Å"has no cause† to hate Lear, she is right. Cordelia is not proud or obstinate – she is, like the Fool, a hostage to truth. In everything she says she reinforces this. She points out that she is glad not to have a tongue like her sisters, implying t hat in her, speech is of a different kind. If Cordelia’s purpose was to enlighten Lear and expose the corruption of the court, her task is accomplished by the end of the play. The only outlet then is through her death. Her death adds to the tragedy of the play. Though Cordelia dies, her cause and truth do not. In carrying her corpse, Lear emits an animal cry of anguish â€Å"howl, howl, howl. † He has discovered that no words can contain his grief and pain, that words are limited, that they can be abused. This cry echoes Cordelia’s own truth. Edgar’s closing words bear witness to the martyrdom of Cordelia. The lesson learnt is: â€Å"Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say. † (Act V, Scene III)

Writing a Sample Data Analysis Essay

Writing a Sample Data Analysis EssaySample data analysis essays are one of the most essential requirements for any data scientist or engineer. These documents serve as an aid to enable a data scientist to complete his job in a more successful manner. And a sample data analysis essay helps not only for the reader but also for the writer of the document.A sample data analysis essay can be in any topic, whether it is about a marketing study cost-benefit analysis, or how to best classify raw data. With the use of samples, a writer would be able to make proper and valid points about the data, and gain more understanding of the topic. So if you are in need of a sample data analysis essay, then here are a few tips on how to write one. They are most valuable for writers who are already working on an essay, but would like to write one from scratch.The first thing to remember while writing is to write it in the perspective of the writer. Data analysis is not a 'robot' and it does not follow a one size fits all formula. In fact, the data analyst or the data scientist has to be well-versed in the subject. It is good to have a background in the topic, as it will help you a lot in describing and explaining the data. And with a full understanding of the topic, you will also gain the necessary tools to properly analyze the data.When writing a data analysis essay, the writer should have a detailed outline and a detailed breakdown of the goals and the data to be analyzed. The writer must know what he is looking for from the data. Make sure that your goal is clear and you are not creating something based on fear of failure. The final draft should also be clear and easily understandable.A sample data analysis essay can be on any topic. When writing it, the writer must be careful in which data he chooses to use. Avoid choosing inappropriate data that might confuse or mislead the reader. Be sure to make a good grasp of the data and make a clear and concise presentation of the inform ation.A sample data analysis essay may include terms such as an ANOVA, correlation coefficient, or chi-square test. Each of these terms are relatively easy to understand, but only to the specialists in the field. These terms are generally applied by the data analyst, and not by the non-specialists. Because of this, non-specialists may have a hard time understanding the data.The topics that a writer can choose for a data analysis essay is up to him. Sometimes, the topic could be similar to another existing essay, and other times, the writer may make a completely new essay. There are no set rules on which topic should be chosen, but the most common topics that are used include the following: cost-benefit analysis, capital market hypothesis, the analyst must be aware of these topics before writing a sample data analysis essay.As a writer, the best way to go about writing a data analysis essay is to follow the steps that are outlined above. These steps will surely help you a lot in writ ing a sample data analysis essay.

Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Essay Example

Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Essay Example Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Paper Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Paper Literature review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Introduction Staffing is one of the main functions on Human Resource Management, refer to International Human Resource Management perspective, staffing will be more important on the managing by the headquartered company to their subsidiaries in order to gain more competitive advantage for them. As a company want to achieve the mind of globalization, they must choose a suitable staffing approach in order to doing business successfully not only in the domestic also in the international environment. Maral Muratbekova-Touron (2008) stated that â€Å"One of the main issues facing the development of the global companies has always been to find the right balance between the local autonomy between subsidiaries and the control of the corporate headquarters. †, it related to how the company recruit and select their staffs in their subsidiaries. In the present paper will concentrate on the international staffing approaches in global companies, and there has four different approaches to managing and staffing their international subsidiaries. The following literature reviews will attempt to explain that four approaches and point out what is the advantage and disadvantage of each approach in the internationalization process of the company. Approaches to Managing and Staffing Global Subsidiaries In research text book by Ball, et al. (2008), it was explained these four approaches in detail, they are Ethnocentric approach, Polycentric approach, Geocentric approach and Regiocentric Approach. Ethnocentric approach is related to the company employing and promoting the Parent-country nationals (PCNs) in their subsidiaries which the employee are the citizen of the nation in the parent company; Polycentric approach is related to employing and promoting the Host-country nationals (HCNs) in their subsidiaries which the employees are the citizen of the nation in the operating subsidiaries; Geocentric approach is related to the company employing and promoting the employees base on their ability and experience, this approach can refer the ompany select the best person for the job without any consideration of the citizenship; and Regiocentric approach is related to the company employing and promoting the employees which they are the citizen on the basis of the specific region in the operating subsidiaries, it can be HCNs or Third-country nationals (TCNs) which the employees are the citizen of neither the parent company nation nor the host country. Ball, et al. 2008) Ethnocentric ap proach refer to the staffing policy base on the PCNs, therefore the clear advantages come up immediately for the headquarters are the communication and control, the PCNs are familiar the policies and practices or working-style of the headquarters, or the PCN staff was training in the headquarters already. (Ball, et al. 2008) As Kathy Monks, et al. 2001) stated â€Å"In the very early stages of internationalization, the staffing policies of the majority were largely ethnocentric in character, an approach which is relatively common at this stage in the internationalization process where a company is setting up a new business process or product in another country, and knowledge of the company’s culture and reporting systems is considered essential†, it shows the Ethnocentric approach are common at the early stage of internationalization process in the multinational or transnational companies, because the controlling and communicating is very important at that stage, therefore, the companies would like to employ the PCNs in order to fully control their subsidiaries at the early stage of internationalization process. Another reason also make Ethnocentric approach are common at the internationalization process is the cost of the company. As Brewster (1988, pg. 18 ) noted, â€Å"Despite the impor tance of expatriate positions, the high costs associated with expatriation and the extensive and largely non-productive â€Å"running-in† periods, it is still the case that most organizations provide no formal training for expatriation†. Overall Ethnocentric approach implies a centralized system with authority high at headquarters with much communication in the form of orders, commands, and advice. Standards for evaluation and control will also be determined centrally and with low pressures for cost reduction and low pressure for local (subsidiary) responsiveness. But the disadvantages of Ethnocentric approach such as the PCNs have language barriers or they have different culture background with the local (subsidiary) customer, it may result a high cost training in long term or the PCNs may not familiar the positions or demands of the local (subsidiary) marketplace. (Ball, et al. 2008; Norma D’Annunzio-Green, 1997) Polycentric approach refer to the staffing policy base on the HCNs, as Christoph Dorrenbacher, et al. (2010) stated â€Å"HCNs on the other hand are seen as basically having a local (subsidiary) orientation, due to their socialization in the host country and their familiarity with the social, political and economic environment of the host country† It can show Polycentric approach provide a high level of local responsiveness in the subsidiaries. It can be prove by another research article, Norma D’Annunzio-Green (1997) also stated â€Å"Polycentric approach implies a widely dispersed authority, little communication between headquarters and subsidiary, and standards for evaluation and control mostly determined locally. There for the less control and order from the headquarters to the subsidiary will be made, the subsidiary also start to be independent in their local area, that mean the company start to doing well and the business is stable in the local (subsidiary) area. The Polycentric approach also has other advantages such as reduce the cost of the local (subsidiary) training programs, and the headquarters will get more information or hints of the local (subsidiary) market development or competition. But according to the non-close relationships between the headquarters and subsidiaries, the subsidiaries are often unfamiliar with the headquarters’ corporate culture, policies and practices. (Ball, et al. 2008) Geocentric approach refer to the staffing policy base on the ability of the staffs, no matter where are they come from, Banai (1999) stated †The geocentric staffing policy seeks the best people for key jobs throughout the organization regardless of their nationality† And Norma D’Annunzio-Green (1997) also stated â€Å"The geocentric ideal involves more integration between centre and subsidiaries to ensure close co-operation between the different parts of the organization, and implementing both universal and local standards for evaluation and control. †It point out the Geocentric approach can bring a lots of different experience and different corporation practices rom the staffs, through these different experience and corporation, the firm can has a better performance in the international co-operation of the company and it also facilitates the development of an international team, and the international team can fully managing the local subsidiary, and they ca n managing the other subsidiary in different area. But Geocentric approach may cost more (both on money and time) on the training or other issue such as working permit. (Ball, et al. 2008) Timothy Dean Keeley (2001) gave a very good conclusion of the Geocentric approach, he noted â€Å"Geocentric firms seek to co-ordinate decision-making among the subsidiaries and headquarters. The organization is balanced between centralized and decentralized in order to effectively and efficiently employ all types of resources on a global basis. † Therefore the subsidiary can be considered as more independent in the international market which managing by the international team. Regiocentric approach refer to the staffing policy base on the region of the subsidiaries, it is without consideration of the nations of citizenship. Therefore it can be HCNs or TCNs and it has similar function of the Geocentric approach. Farrokh Safavi (1991) stated â€Å"A regiocentric orientation has assumed that management development needs within a geographic region are sufficiently similar for application of a unified approach, but different from the needs of other regions. † And the Ball, et al. (2008) point out a disadvantage of the regiocentric, he stated â€Å"The disadvantages often encountered when using employees from the home or host country can sometimes be avoided by sending third country nationals (TCNs) to fill management posts. In the International Human Resource Management, Regiocentric approach is slightly similar with the Geocentric approach, but the Regiocentric approach is limit to consider on the local region and the Geocentric approach is more consider on the global basis. Conclusion Overall the literature reviews above, the different staffing approach was give different effect in the internationalization process of the company, but we can find out, the different approach can apply in the different stage of the company. The Ethnocentric approach refer to the early stage of the internationalization process, because during the early stage, the company need a fully control of the subsidiaries, and they need the subsidiaries fully achieve the order from the headquarters, therefore, the ethnocentric approach will suitable in the early stage of the internationalization process. After the early stage, the company want to increase the competitive advantage of the subsidiaries, therefore, the polycentric approach can increase the local responsiveness and they need to have better knowledge of the local marketplace, so the polycentric approach will suitable in this middle stage; In the finally stage, the company want to have both function from the ethnocentric approach and the polycentric, they need to complete the internationalization process in order to become a global company, therefore the geocentric approach and regiocentric approach will apply in this stage, it can help to company to develop an international team to manage all the subsidiaries of the company. It can prove by James Kelly, as she stated in the article â€Å"companies become more international they usually develop from ethnocentric to polycentric and finally geocentric or regiocentric staffing and development policy†. Therefore the geocentric and Regiocentric can be consider as a expan sion of the polycentric approach.